Crime 犯罪行为

crimes

criminal acts

misdeeds

delinquency

juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪（律）

delinquent teenagers 不良少年

犯罪&犯罪率

commit a crime

offend

the crime rate/incident犯罪率

rampant 猖獗的，失控的 e.g. telecom fraud is rampant

the crime is rampant

rampant violence

刑罚

lengthy jail terms 漫长的刑期

put/send sb. into the prison/jail

a penalty of 2 years’ imprisonment

lifelong imprisonment

probation

He has been released from prison on probation.

Parole 假释

Bail 保释

刑罚

sentence sb. to death 判死刑

death penalty 死刑

capital punishment 死刑

execution 处决

v. + 罪行

combat, fight, tackle, beat, curb 打击犯罪行为

curb harmful emissions from factories

impose curbs on smoking 

limit, restrict, control, cut, reduce 控制、减少 

detect, investigate 调查、侦查

青少年

kid

childèchildren

youngster

the youth

adolescent (13~18)

teenager (13~19)

young people

the young generation

青少年犯罪

juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪

juvenile delinquent 青少年罪犯

stringent punishment/penalty 严厉的惩罚

青少年犯罪的原因 1

心智不成熟，易受外界影响 immature/immaturity

emotionally and intellectually immature

由于心智不成熟，青少年有时不能做出正确判断。

Teenagers sometimes fail to make accurate judgments due to their immaturity.

电视、网络对孩子的影响 1

be liable to do (有做某事的倾向) = tend to do = be prone to do/sth.

1）青少年极易模仿(imitate)电视及电影上的暴力情景。   

Teenagers are liable to imitate the violent scenes on TV and in movies.

电视、网络对孩子的影响 2

沉溺于做某事

be/become/get addicted to sth./doing sth. 

2）青少年沉迷于虚拟世界，不能自拔 è 偷钱

When becoming addicted to playing computer games, teenagers need a great amount of money to support this / to finance their addiction (e.g. topping up their virtual accounts), which would easily, for example, result in their stealing money if their needs are not met by their parents.

大量的、许多

1、a large number of = a host of = a multitude of

2、a variety of = various

3、plenty of

4、a great deal of（不可数）

5、a great/huge/large number of （可数）

6、a vast amount of = large amounts of （不可数）

7、a huge quantity of / a lot of / lots of + 可数或不可数名词

8、considerable 常+不可数 = numerous 常+可数 = enormous 常+不可数

电视、网络对孩子的影响 3

indulge in sth/doing sth. 让自己尽情享受某事

孤立è心理疾病è无法与同学相处è打架

Furthermore, indulging in the unreal/virtual world, teenagers are likely to become increasingly isolated/alienated from others. This will lead to psychological problems, and even worse, youngsters may fight against their classmates due to failure to get along well with them.

青少年犯罪的原因2

家庭因素

1）太不关心：家长工作太忙，无暇照顾孩子

Parents are so engaged in their work that they spend little time with their children.

As a result, children are left alone with nobody to turn to for help when problems are encountered. (encounter = meet 遇到)

家庭问题

families consisting of a sole parent

domestic violence 家庭暴力

come across a difficulty

an obstacle

a frustration

be liable to get frustrated

2）太关心：家长对孩子期望值太大，强加给孩子

Parents expect too much from their children, thereby imposing many things on them.

Being quite rebellious (反叛的，叛逆的), adolescents are not willing to follow their parents’ will. 

Consequently, crimes may be committed by youngsters only for the purpose of letting their parents down.

预防犯罪

deter, prevent, stop 阻止、预防（犯罪）

deter/prevent/stop sb. from doing sth. 防止某人做某事

应该采取像严格的媒体检查制度这样的行为来预防青少年犯罪。

Actions, such as strict censorship on the press, should be taken for the sake of deterring/preventing/stopping teenagers from committing crimes.

及时教育

communication in time

timely communication

Provided/Supposing that problems are come across by teenagers, they are able to successfully overcome them with timely communication with their parents.

出狱再犯罪的原因

1、没意识到自己错了，被朋友怂恿

does not realize his faults; be abetted by friends in committing a crime again.

2、意识到自己错了，但还再次犯罪

没技术Their inadaptability to the society is due to a lack of skills.

è 狱中教育 

Prison education project / education in prison

有技术没人用 Discrimination from others makes them unable to make a living even with a skill.

è 政府提供机会 

The authority should provide people who are set free with opportunities to work.

Some who have been in prison become good citizens later. Some people think that they are the best people to talk to school students about the danger of committing a crime. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

It is sometimes argued that those who used to be criminals are the most appropriate ones to be invited to educate secondary students who are going to enter their adulthood. The experience shared may be inspiring, but I do not agree that the ex-convicts should be the best option. 

Admittedly, learning from the previous prisoners could in a certain degree prevent adolescents from going astray. In order to protect them from violating the law since they are too young to understand the importance of obeying the law or the seriousness of breaking it, the previous prisoners could offer a chance of case study for students to learn more about law and punishment. This would work as a purposeful legal awareness campaign.

On the other hand, these ex-prisoners who help educate students are very likely to be discriminated against nevertheless. This may be on account of a stereotype growing out of subconsciousness, because the used-to-be criminals are frequently associated with violence and negative personality traits. Severely speaking, the stereotype would turn to discrimination on the grounds of historical mistakes (i.e. previous convictions). As a result, those who have already been punished and rehabilitated would be hurt again emotionally.

Furthermore, the advantages of inviting the ex-convicts to address students educational speeches are not as necessary as its advocates have assumed. In fact, there are numerous alternatives, for instance, coverage of crimes, TV programmes, brochures regarding law articles, and the like, to this sort of legal awareness campaign. By employing those alternatives, barely could the ex-convicts be emotionally harmed; on the contrary, their privacies would be properly protected via, for example, technical processing such as concealing the authentic images and voices, which is impossible when the awareness campaign are held offline at school. Therefore, it is unnecessary to recruit the previous prisoners to deliver educational lessons at schools in person.

Despite the fact that the experience shared by the ex-convicts could to some extent serve an educational purpose, it is unnecessary to compel them to do so at school, considering that the feelings of those reborn law-abiding citizens would be hurt while there are many alternatives to educating students as mentioned.

In some countries, the criminal trials are shown on the TV and the general public can watch them. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? (2020.1.4)

In a country governed by laws, criminals should go on trials and get their just deserts. However, there have been debates on whether those trials should be shown on TV or exclusively conducted in the criminal court without being demonstrated to the public masses.

On the one hand, the exposure of the criminals’ personal information, including their images and names, via TV would intrude on their legal privacy. TV, as mainstream mass media, enjoys an overwhelming popularity among the general public, which means the criminals’ information can be easily spread out along with the trials shown on TV. As a result, the innocent relatives of the criminals, for example, are likely to be involved in and probably endure onslaughts of abuse that are in revenge for the criminals’ faults.

On the other, the live or filmed trials can act as a deterrent to the general public. In other words, supervised by the government and the public, live coverage of the trials objectively illustrating the sentences serves a purpose of legal awareness campaigns. This is because the TV programmes related to laws are usually educational, thereby introducing laws to the ordinary people as well as warning the potential offenders. Therefore, knowing what are allowed and forbidden by the law, citizens would have a wise choice to address the problems rather than violate the law.

In my opinion, the disadvantages of public trials on TV is not as significant as the opposition side of the proposal worry about. In fact, the public morals require that we should only ask for the punishment on the guilty ones instead of any relatives of them. Also, the focus of the public is on the sentences and the expected transformation in the offenders’ mentality and behavior. Meanwhile, the live trials can play a role in supervising the justice of law practicing. Presenting detailed process to the public, the court informs the audiences, including convicts’ relatives, victims, and other onlookers, about, for example, evidence, witnesses, criteria of sentences, and the like. Consequently, barely could the innocents be harmed by the public trials; on the contrary, this proposal would benefit the prisoners in terms of the justice. Thus, the merits of the policy outweigh its demerits.

【犯罪类+工作类】In many countries, some prisoners cannot find employment after completing their terms of imprisonment, and they are very likely to recommit crimes. Why is it the case and what solutions do you suggest solving the problem?

The unemployment of those who have been released from imprisonment and the crimes recommitted by them seem to be increasingly widespread problems in many countries. I think there are two major reasons responsible for this.

From the perspective of the employers, their prejudice against the ex-convicts may impede their willingness of employing the latter. In other words, they may not believe that the penalty/punishment of imprisonment could change the used-to-be prisoners / previous criminals. HC: This is because many of them knowingly violate the law, and the penalty could hardly serve a purpose of changing them but increase their hate against the society. Therefore, there is a possibility that they recommit crimes and as a result, it is difficult for them to win the trust of employers when they seek for employment.

As for these disadvantaged job seekers themselves, their poor social adaptability could be the second reason. The previous prisoners, who have spent years in jails, can hardly socialize/ network with others in a normal way. Thus, they cannot adapt to the society as successfully as they used to. Specifically, they are unfamiliar with, for example, the use of mobile phones or PCs, which, however, are usually required in the workplace. Therefore, their poor computer literacy may set a barrier for those misfits.

As for the solutions, I suggest that the government (should) set up some training programmes/sessions to improve the employability (e.g. making resumes and taking interviews) and professional/vocational skills (engineering, nursing, driving, etc.) of the prisoners before they are released. Alternatively, jails may probably provide some positions such as cooks, administrative staff, or assistants, where those misfits can gradually adapt to the society. In the meantime, it is necessary for the authorities to formulate/propose a system that effectively files/documents the information of those having previous convictions, in order to promote the employers’ trusts on them as well as prevent their recidivism.